Dextrose

Hospira, Inc.

10% Dextrose Injection, USP

FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION: CONTENTS*

• DEXTROSE DESCRIPTION
• CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
• DEXTROSE INDICATIONS AND USAGE
• DEXTROSE CONTRAINDICATIONS
• WARNINGS
• PRECAUTIONS
• DEXTROSE ADVERSE REACTIONS
• OVERDOSAGE
• DEXTROSE DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
  • Drug Interaction
• HOW SUPPLIED
• IM-0659

FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION

CONCENTRATED DEXTROSE IN WATER

Concentrated source of carbohydrate calories for intravenous infusion.

NOTE: This solution is hypertonic − see WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS .

Partial-Fill Flexible Plastic Container

Rx only

DEXTROSE DESCRIPTION

10% Dextrose Injection, USP (concentrated dextrose in water) is a sterile, nonpyrogenic, hypertonic solution of Dextrose, USP in water for injection for intravenous administration after appropriate admixture or dilution.

10% Dextrose Injection, USP is provided as a 500 mL volume in a 1000 mL partial-fill container. The container is designed to facilitate admixture or dilution.

See table under HOW SUPPLIED for summary of content and characteristics of this concentrated solution.

The solution contains no bacteriostat, antimicrobial agent or added buffer and is intended only for use as a single-dose injection following admixture or dilution.

The flexible plastic container is fabricated from a specially formulated polyvinyl chloride. Water can permeate from inside the container into the overwrap but not in amounts sufficient to affect the solution significantly. Solutions in contact with the plastic container may leach out certain chemical components from the plastic in very small amounts; however, biological testing was supportive of the safety of the plastic container materials. Exposure to temperatures above 25°C/77°F during transport and storage will lead to minor losses in moisture content. Higher temperatures lead to greater losses. It is unlikely that these minor losses will lead to clinically significant changes within the expiration period.

Dextrose Injection, USP is a parenteral fluid and nutrient replenisher.

Dextrose Injection, USP is chemically designated D-glucose monohydrate (C₆H₁₂O₆ • H₂O), a hexose sugar freely soluble in water. It has the following structural formula:

Water for Injection, USP is chemically designated H₂O.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

When administered intravenously, solutions containing carbohydrate in the form of dextrose restore blood glucose levels and provide calories. Carbohydrate in the form of dextrose may aid in minimizing liver glycogen depletion and exerts a protein sparing action. Dextrose Injection, USP undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide and water.

Water is an essential constituent of all body tissues and accounts for approximately 70% of total body weight. Average normal adult daily requirement ranges from two to three liters (1.0 to 1.5 liters each for insensible water loss by perspiration and urine production, respectively).

Water balance is maintained by various regulatory mechanisms. Water distribution depends primarily on the concentration of electrolytes in the body compartments, and sodium (Na⁺) plays a major role in maintaining physiologic equilibrium.

DEXTROSE INDICATIONS AND USAGE

10% Dextrose Injection, USP (concentrated dextrose in water) in a partial-fill container is indicated for admixture with amino acids or dilution with other compatible IV fluids to provide a 5% final dextrose concentration for intravenous infusion in patients whose condition requires parenteral nutrition.

DEXTROSE CONTRAINDICATIONS

A concentrated dextrose solution should not be used when intracranial or intraspinal hemorrhage is present nor in the presence of delirium tremens if the patient is already dehydrated.

Dextrose Injection, USP without electrolytes should not be administered simultaneously with blood through the same infusion set because of the possibility that pseudoagglutination of red cells may occur.

WARNINGS

Concentrated dextrose in water should be administered only after suitable dilution. Hypertonic dextrose solutions should be given slowly. Significant hyperglycemia and possible hyperosmolar syndrome may result from too rapid administration. The physician should be aware of the symptoms of hyperosmolar syndrome, such as mental confusion and loss of consciousness, especially in patients with chronic uremia and those with known carbohydrate intolerance.

The intravenous administration of this solution can cause fluid and/or solute overloading resulting in dilution of serum electrolyte concentrations, overhydration, congested states or pulmonary edema.

WARNING: This product contains aluminum that may be toxic. Aluminum may reach toxic levels with prolonged parenteral administration if kidney function is impaired. Premature neonates are particularly at risk because their kidneys are immature, and they require large amounts of calcium and phosphate solutions, which contain aluminum.

Research indicates that patients with impaired kidney function, including premature neonates, who receive parenteral levels of aluminum at greater than 4 to 5 mcg/kg/day accumulate aluminum at levels associated with central nervous system and bone toxicity. Tissue loading may occur at even lower rates of administration.

FOR PERIPHERAL VEIN ADMINISTRATION

Hypertonic dextrose solutions (above 5% concentration) should be given slowly, preferably through a small bore needle into a large vein, to minimize venous irritation.

FOR CENTRAL VENOUS ADMINISTRATION

Concentrated dextrose should be administered via central vein after appropriate admixture or dilution when required.

PRECAUTIONS

Electrolyte deficits, particularly in serum potassium and phosphate, may occur during prolonged use of concentrated dextrose solutions. Blood electrolyte monitoring is essential, and fluid and electrolyte imbalances should be corrected. Essential vitamins and minerals also should be provided as needed.

Solutions containing dextrose should be used with caution in patients with known subclinical or overt diabetes mellitus.

Care should be exercised to insure that the needle (or catheter) is well within the lumen of the vein and that extravasation does not occur.

Concentrated dextrose solutions should not be administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly.

Do not administer unless solution is clear and container is undamaged. Discard unused portion.

Pregnancy Catagory C. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with dextrose. It is also not known whether dextrose can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Dextrose should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.

This product contains no more than 25 mcg/L of aluminum.

DEXTROSE ADVERSE REACTIONS

Hyperosmolar syndrome, resulting from excessively rapid administration of concentrated dextrose may cause hypovolemia, dehydration, mental confusion and/or loss of consciousness.

Reactions which may occur because of the solution or the technique of administration include febrile response, infection at the site of injection, venous thrombosis or phlebitis extending from the site of injection, extravasation and hypervolemia.

If an adverse reaction does occur, discontinue the infusion, evaluate the patient, institute appropriate therapeutic countermeasures and save the remainder of the fluid for examination if deemed necessary.

OVERDOSAGE

In the event of overhydration or solute overload during therapy, re-evaluate the patient and institute appropriate corrective measures. (See WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS ).

DEXTROSE DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Concentrated Dextrose in Water is administered by slow intravenous infusion (a) after admixture with amino acid solutions or (b) after dilution with other compatible IV fluids. Dosage should be adjusted to meet the requirements of each individual patient.

The maximum rate at which dextrose can be infused without producing glycosuria is 0.5 g/kg of body weight /hr. About 95% of the dextrose is retained when infused at a rate of 0.8 g/kg/hr.

Clinical evaluation and periodic laboratory determinations are necessary to monitor changes in fluid balance, electrolyte concentrations, and acid-base balance during prolonged parenteral therapy or whenever the condition of the patient warrants such evaluation.

A list of nutritional admixture values is appended.

Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit. (See PRECAUTIONS ).

Drug Interaction

Additives may be incompatible. Consult with pharmacist, if available. When introducing additives, use aseptic technique, mix thoroughly and do not store.

Some opacity of the plastic due to moisture absorption during sterilization process may be observed. This is normal and does not affect the solution quality or safety. The opacity will diminish gradually.

WARNING: Do not use flexible container in series connections.

HOW SUPPLIED

10% Dextrose Injection, USP is supplied in single-dose, partial-fill, flexible containers as follows: a 500 mL volume in a 1000 mL container. See the following table.

*Caloric value calculated on the basis of 3.4 kcal/g of dextrose, hydrous.

Store at 20 to 25°C (68 to 77°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.] Protect from freezing.

Revised: June, 2010

Printed in USA                             EN-2535

Hospira, Inc., Lake Forest, IL 60045 USA

IM-0659