Evamist

Ther-Rx Corporation
KV Pharmaceutical

HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATIONThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use EVAMIST safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for EVAMIST. EVAMIST (estradiol transdermal spray) Initial U.S. Approval: 1975RECENT MAJOR CHANGES •Contraindications (4)                                                                        03/2014 •Warnings and Precautions, Hereditary Angioedema (5.16)       03/2014 BOXED WARNINGWARNING: ENDOMETRIAL CANCER, CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS, BREAST CANCER, PROBABLE DEMENTIA, AND UNINTENTIONAL SECONDARY EXPOSURE TO ESTROGEN See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. Estrogen-Alone Therapy • There is an increased risk of endometrial cancer in a woman with a uterus who uses unopposed estrogens (5.2) • Estrogen-alone therapy should not be used for the prevention of cardiovascular disease or dementia (5.1, 5.3) • The Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) estrogen-alone substudy reported increased risks of stroke and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (5.1) • The WHI Memory Study (WHIMS) estrogen-alone ancillary study of WHI reported an increased risk of probable dementia in postmenopausal women 65 years of age and older (5.3) Estrogen Plus Progestin Therapy • Estrogen plus progestin therapy should not be used for the prevention of cardiovascular disease or dementia (5.1, 5.3) • The WHI estrogen plus progestin substudy reported increased risks of stroke, DVT, pulmonary embolism (PE), and myocardial infarction (MI) (5.1) • The WHI estrogen plus progestin substudy reported increased risks of invasive breast cancer (5.2) • The WHIMS estrogen plus progestin ancillary study of WHI reported an increased risk of probable dementia in postmenopausal women 65 years of age and older (5.3) Unintentional Secondary Exposure • Breast budding, breast masses, and gynecomastia have been reported in children following unintentional secondary exposure to Evamist (5.4) INDICATIONS AND USAGE Evamist is an estrogen indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms due to menopause (1.1)DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION •One spray once daily each morning to forearm as a starting dose (2.1) •Increase to two or three sprays daily to forearm based upon clinical response (2.1) DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS •One spray consists of 90 mcL which contains 1.53 mg estradiol (3) CONTRAINDICATIONS •Undiagnosed abnormal genital bleeding (4) •Known, suspected, or history of cancer of the breast (4, 5.2) •Known or suspected estrogen-dependent neoplasia (4, 5.2) •Active DVT, PE, or history of these conditions (4, 5.1) •Active arterial thromboembolic disease (for example, stroke and MI), or history of these conditions (4, 5.1) •Known anaphylactic reaction or angioedema with Evamist (4) •Known liver impairment or disease (4, 5.10) •Known protein C, protein S, or antithrombin deficiency, or other known thrombophilic disorders (4) •Known or suspected pregnancy (4, 8.1) WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS •Estrogens increase the risk of gallbladder disease (5.5) •Discontinue estrogens if severe hypercalcemia, loss of vision, severe hypertriglyceridemia or cholestatic jaundice occurs (5.6, 5.7, 5.10, 5.11) •Monitor thyroid function in women on thyroid hormone replacement therapy (5.12, 5.21) Side EffectsMost common adverse reactions (≥5 percent) are: headache, breast tenderness and nipple pain, nausea, back pain, and nasopharyngitis (6.1) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Ther-Rx Corporation at 1-877-567-7676 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. DRUG INTERACTIONS •Inducers and inhibitors of CYP3A4 may affect estrogen drug metabolism (7.1) USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS •Nursing Mothers: Estrogen administration to nursing women has been shown to decrease the quantity and quality of the breast milk (8.3) •Geriatric Use: An increased risk of probable dementia in women over 65 years of age was reported in the Women's Health Initiative Memory ancillary studies of the Women’s Health Initiative (5.3, 8.5)

FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION: CONTENTS*

• WARNING: ENDOMETRIAL CANCER, CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS, BREAST CANCER, PROBABLE DEMENTIA AND UNINTENTIONAL SECONDARY EXPOSURE TO ESTROGEN
• 1 EVAMIST INDICATIONS AND USAGE
  • 1.1 Treatment of Moderate to Severe Vasomotor Symptoms due to Menopause.
• 2 EVAMIST DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
  • 2.1 Treatment of Moderate to Severe Vasomotor Symptoms due to Menopause
• 3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS
• 4 EVAMIST CONTRAINDICATIONS
• 5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
  • 5.1 Cardiovascular Disorders
  • 5.2 Malignant Neoplasms
  • 5.3 Probable Dementia
  • 5.4 Unintentional Secondary Exposure to Estrogen
  • 5.5 Gallbladder Disease
  • 5.6 Hypercalcemia
  • 5.7 Visual Abnormalities
  • 5.8 Addition of a Progestin When a Woman Has Not Had a Hysterectomy
  • 5.9 Elevated Blood Pressure
  • 5.10 Hypertriglyceridemia
  • 5.11 Hepatic Impairment and/or Past History of Cholestatic Jaundice
  • 5.12 Hypothyroidism
  • 5.13 Fluid Retention
  • 5.14 Hypocalcemia
  • 5.15 Exacerbation of Endometriosis
  • 5.17 Exacerbation of Other Conditions
  • 5.18 Alcohol-Based Products are Flammable
  • 5.19 Application of Sunscreen
  • 5.20 Laboratory Tests
• 6 EVAMIST ADVERSE REACTIONS
  • 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience
  • 6.2 Postmarketing Experience
• 7 DRUG INTERACTIONS
  • 7.1 Metabolic Interactions
• 8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
  • 8.1 Pregnancy
  • 8.3 Nursing Mothers
  • 8.4 Pediatric Use
  • 8.5 Geriatric Use
  • 8.6 Renal Impairment
  • 8.7 Hepatic Impairment
• 10 OVERDOSAGE
• 11 EVAMIST DESCRIPTION
• 12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
  • 12.1 Mechanism of Action
  • 12.2 Pharmacodynamics
  • 12.3 Pharmacokinetics
• 13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
  • 13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
• 14 CLINICAL STUDIES
  • 14.1 Effects on Vasomotor Symptoms
  • 14.2 Women's Health Initiative Studies
  • 14.3 Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study
• 15 REFERENCES
• 16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING
  • 16.1 How Supplied
  • 16.2 Storage and Handling
• 17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION
  • 17.1 Vaginal Bleeding
  • 17.2 Unintentional Secondary Exposure to Evamist
  • 17.3 Possible Serious Adverse Reactions with Estrogen-Alone Therapy
  • 17.4 Possible Less Serious but Common Adverse Reactions with Estrogen-Alone Therapy

FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE

1.1 Treatment of Moderate to Severe Vasomotor Symptoms due to Menopause.

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Generally, when estrogen is prescribed for a postmenopausal woman with a uterus, a progestin should also be considered to reduce the risk of endometrial cancer. A woman without a uterus does not need a progestin. In some cases, however, hysterectomized women with a history of endometriosis may need a progestin [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 , 5.15)].

Use of estrogen-alone, or in combination with a progestin, should be with the lowest effective dose and for the shortest duration consistent with treatment goals and risks for the individual woman. Postmenopausal women should be re-evaluated periodically as clinically appropriate to determine if treatment is still necessary.

2.1 Treatment of Moderate to Severe Vasomotor Symptoms due to Menopause

Evamist therapy should be initiated with one spray per day. Dosage adjustment should be guided by the clinical response.

Before applying the first dose from a new applicator, the pump should be primed by spraying 3 sprays with the cover on. The container should be held upright and vertical for spraying.

One, two or three sprays are applied each morning to adjacent, non-overlapping areas on the inner surface of the forearm, starting near the elbow. Sprays should be allowed to dry for approximately 2 minutes before covering the site with clothing. The site should not be washed for at least one hour. Application of Evamist to other skin surfaces has not been adequately studied. Evamist should not be applied to skin surfaces other than the forearm.

Strict adherence to the following precautions is advised in order to minimize the potential for secondary exposure to estradiol from Evamist-treated skin. Women should cover the Evamist application site with clothing if another person may come into contact with that area of skin after the spray dries. Additional precautions to minimize unintentional secondary exposure are outlined in Patient Counseling Information [see Patient Counseling Information (17.2)] and in the Patient Information Leaflet at the end of the prescribing information.

3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

Evamist is an estradiol transdermal spray. One spray consists of 90 mcL that contains 1.53 mg of estradiol.

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS

Evamist is contraindicated in women with any of the following conditions:

      • Undiagnosed abnormal genital bleeding

      • Known, suspected, or history of cancer of the breast

      • Known or suspected estrogen-dependent neoplasia

      • Active DVT, PE, or history of these conditions

      • Active arterial thromboembolic disease (for example, stroke and MI), or history of these conditions

      • Known anaphylactic reaction or angioedema with Evamist

      • Known liver impairment or disease

      • Known protein C, protein S, or antithrombin deficiency, or other known thrombophilic disorders

      • Known or suspected pregnancy

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

5.1 Cardiovascular Disorders

An increased risk of stroke and DVT has been reported with estrogen-alone therapy. An increased risk of PE, DVT, stroke, and MI has been reported with estrogen plus progestin therapy. Should any of these occur or be suspected, estrogen with or without progestin therapy should be discontinued immediately.

Risk factors for arterial vascular disease (for example, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, tobacco use, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity) and/or venous thromboembolism (VTE) (for example, personal history or family history of VTE, obesity, and systemic lupus erythematosus) should be managed appropriately.

Stroke

In the WHI estrogen-alone substudy, a statistically significant increased risk of stroke was reported in women 50 to 79 years of age receiving daily CE (0.625 mg)-alone compared to women in the same age group receiving placebo (45 versus 33 per 10,000 women-years). The increase in risk was demonstrated in year 1 and persisted [see Clinical Studies ( 14.2 )]. Should a stroke occur or be suspected, estrogen-alone should be discontinued immediately.

Subgroup analyses of women 50 to 59 years of age suggest no increased risk of stroke for those women receiving CE (0.625 mg)-alone versus those receiving placebo (18 versus 21 per 10,000 women-years).¹

In the WHI estrogen plus progestin substudy, a statistically significant increased risk of stroke was reported in women 50 to 79 years of age receiving daily CE (0.625 mg) plus MPA (2.5 mg) compared to women in the same age group receiving placebo (33 versus 25 per 10,000 women-years). [see Clinical Studies (14.2)]. The increase in risk was demonstrated after the first year and persisted.¹ Should a stroke occur or be suspected, estrogen plus progestin therapy should be discontinued immediately.

Coronary Heart Disease

In the WHI estrogen-alone substudy, no overall effect on coronary heart disease (CHD) events (defined as non-fatal MI, silent MI, or CHD death) was reported in women receiving estrogen-alone compared to placebo² [see Clinical Studies (14.2)].

In the WHI estrogen plus progestin substudy, there was a statistically non-significant increase risk of CHD events reported in women receiving daily CE (0.625 mg) plus MPA (2.5 mg) compared to women receiving placebo (41 versus 34 per 10,000 women-years) ¹. An increase in relative risk was demonstrated in year 1, and a trend toward decreasing relative risk was reported in years 2 through 5 [see Clinical Studies (14.2)].

Subgroup analysis of women 50 to 59 years of age suggest a statistically non-significant reduction in CHD events (CE [0.635 mg]-alone compared to placebo) in women with less than 10 years since menopause (8 versus 16 per 10,000 women-years).¹

In postmenopausal women with documented heart disease (n = 2,763, average 66.7 years of age), in a controlled clinical trial of secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study [HERS]), treatment with daily CE (0.625 mg) plus MPA (2.5 mg) demonstrated no cardiovascular benefit. During an average follow-up of 4.1 years, treatment with CE plus MPA did not reduce the overall rate of CHD events in postmenopausal women with established CHD. There were more CHD events in the CE plus MPA-treated group than in the placebo group in year 1, but not during the subsequent years. Two thousand, three hundred and twenty-one (2,321) women from the original HERS trial agreed to participate in an open label extension of HERS, HERS II. Average follow-up in HERS II was an additional 2.7 years, for a total of 6.8 years overall. Rates of CHD events were comparable among women in the CE plus MPA group and the placebo group in HERS, HERS II, and overall.

Venous Thromboembolism

In the WHI estrogen-alone substudy, the risk of VTE (DVT and PE) was increased for women receiving daily CE (0.625 mg)-alone compared to placebo (30 versus 22 per 10,000 women-years), although only the increased risk of DVT reached statistical significance (23 versus 15 per 10,000 women-years). The increase in VTE risk was demonstrated during the first two years³ [see Clinical Studies (14.2)]. Should a VTE occur or be suspected, estrogen-alone therapy should be discontinued immediately.

In the WHI estrogen plus progestin substudy, a statistically significant 2-fold greater rate of VTE was reported in women receiving daily CE (0.625 mg) plus MPA (2.5 mg) compared to women receiving placebo (35 versus 17 per 10,000 women-years). Statistically significant increases in risk for both DVT (26 versus 13 per 10,000 women-years) and PE (18 versus 8 per 10,000 women-years) were also demonstrated. The increase in VTE risk was observed during the first year and persisted⁴ [see Clinical Studies (14.2)]. Should VTE occur or be suspected, estrogen plus progestin therapy should be discontinued immediately.

If feasible, estrogens should be discontinued at least 4 to 6 weeks before surgery of the type associated with an increased risk of thromboembolism, or during periods of prolonged immobilization.

5.2 Malignant Neoplasms

Endometrial Cancer

An increased risk of endometrial cancer has been reported with the use of unopposed estrogen therapy in women with a uterus. The reported endometrial cancer risk among unopposed estrogen users is about 2 to 12 times greater than in nonusers, and appears dependent on duration of treatment and on estrogen dose. Most studies show no significant increased risk associated with use of estrogens for less than 1 year. The greatest risk appears associated with prolonged use, with an increased risk of 15- to 24-fold for 5 to 10 years or more. This risk has been shown to persist for at least 8 to 15 years after estrogen therapy is discontinued.

Clinical surveillance of all women using estrogen-alone or estrogen plus progestin therapy is important. Adequate diagnostic measures, including directed or random endometrial sampling when indicated, should be undertaken to rule out malignancy in all cases of undiagnosed persistent or recurring abnormal genital bleeding. There is no evidence that the use of natural estrogens results in a different endometrial risk profile than synthetic estrogens of equivalent estrogen dose. Adding a progestin to postmenopausal estrogen therapy has been shown to reduce the risk of endometrial hyperplasia, which may be a precursor to endometrial cancer.

Breast Cancer

The most important randomized clinical trial providing information about breast cancer in estrogen-alone users is the WHI substudy of daily CE (0.625 mg)-alone. In the WHI estrogen-alone substudy, after an average follow-up of 7.1 years, daily CE-alone was not associated with an increased risk of invasive breast cancer (relative risk [RR] 0.80)⁵ [see Clinical Studies (14.2)].

The most important randomized clinical trial providing information about breast cancer in estrogen plus progestin users is the WHI substudy of daily CE (0.625 mg) plus MPA (2.5 mg). After a mean follow-up of 5.6 years, the estrogen plus progestin substudy reported an increased risk of invasive breast cancer in women who took daily CE plus MPA. In this substudy, prior use of estrogen-alone or estrogen plus progestin therapy was reported by 26 percent of the women. The relative risk of invasive breast cancer was 1.24 and the absolute risk was 41 versus 33 cases per 10,000 women-years, for CE plus MPA compared with placebo [see Clinical Studies (14.2)]. Among women who reported prior use of hormone therapy, the relative risk of invasive breast cancer was 1.86, and the absolute risk was 46 versus 25 cases per 10,000 women-years, for CE plus MPA compared with placebo. Among women who reported no prior use of hormone therapy, the relative risk of invasive breast cancer was 1.09, and the absolute risk was 40 versus 36 cases per 10,000 women-years for CE plus MPA compared with placebo. In the same substudy, invasive breast cancers were larger, were more likely to be node positive, and were diagnosed at a more advanced stage in the CE (0.625 mg) plus MPA (2.5 mg) group compared with the placebo group. Metastatic disease was rare, with no apparent difference between the two groups. Other prognostic factors, such as histologic subtype, grade and hormone receptor status did not differ between the groups⁶ [see Clinical Studies (14.2)].

Consistent with the WHI clinical trial, observational studies have also reported an increased risk of breast cancer for estrogen plus progestin therapy, and a smaller increased risk for estrogen-alone therapy, after several years of use. The risk increased with duration of use, and appeared to return to baseline over about 5 years after stopping treatment (only the observational studies have substantial data on risk after stopping). Observational studies also suggest that the risk of breast cancer was greater, and became apparent earlier, with estrogen plus progestin therapy as compared to estrogen-alone therapy. However, these studies have not found significant variation in the risk of breast cancer among different estrogens or among different estrogen plus progestin combinations, doses, or routes of administration.

The use of estrogen-alone and estrogen plus progestin has been reported to result in an increase in abnormal mammograms requiring further evaluation.

All women should receive yearly breast examinations by a healthcare provider and perform monthly breast self-examinations. In addition, mammography examinations should be scheduled based on patient age, risk factors, and prior mammogram results.

Ovarian Cancer

The WHI estrogen plus progestin substudy reported a statistically non-significant increased risk of ovarian cancer. After an average follow-up of 5.6 years, the relative risk for ovarian cancer for CE plus MPA versus placebo was 1.58 (95 percent CI, 0.77-3.24). The absolute risk for CE plus MPA versus placebo was 4 versus 3 cases per 10,000 women-years.⁷ In some epidemiologic studies, the use of estrogen plus progestin and estrogen-only products, in particular for 5 or more years, has been associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer. However, the duration of exposure associated with increased risk is not consistent across all epidemiologic studies and some report no association.

5.3 Probable Dementia

In the WHIMS estrogen-alone ancillary study of the WHI, a population of 2,947 hysterectomized women 65 to 79 years of age was randomized to daily CE (0.625 mg)-alone or placebo.

After an average follow-up of 5.2 years, 28 women in the estrogen-alone group and 19 women in the placebo group were diagnosed with probable dementia. The relative risk of probable dementia for CE-alone versus placebo was 1.49 (95 percent CI, 0.83-2.66). The absolute risk of probable dementia for CE-alone versus placebo was 37 versus 25 cases per 10,000 women-years⁸ [see Use in Specific Populations (8.5) and Clinical Studies (14.3)].

In the WHIMS estrogen plus progestin ancillary study, a population of 4,532 postmenopausal women 65 to 79 years of age was randomized to daily CE (0.625 mg) plus MPA (2.5 mg) or placebo. After an average follow-up of 4 years, 40 women in the CE plus MPA group and 21 women in the placebo group were diagnosed with probable dementia. The relative risk of probable dementia for CE plus MPA versus placebo was 2.05 (95 percent CI, 1.21-3.48). The absolute risk of probable dementia for CE plus MPA versus placebo was 45 versus 22 cases per 10,000 women-years⁸ [see Use in Specific Populations (8.5) and Clinical Studies (14.3)].

When data from the two populations in the WHIMS estrogen-alone and estrogen plus progestin ancillary studies were pooled as planned in the WHIMS protocol, the reported overall relative risk for probable dementia was 1.76 (95 percent CI, 1.19-2.60). Since both ancillary studies were conducted in women 65 to 79 years of age, it is unknown whether these findings apply to younger postmenopausal women⁸ [see Use in Specific Populations (8.5) and Clinical Studies (14.3)].

5.4 Unintentional Secondary Exposure to Estrogen

Postmarketing reports of breast budding and breast masses in prepubertal females and gynecomastia and breast masses in prepubertal males following unintentional secondary exposure to Evamist have been reported. In most cases, the condition resolved with removal of Evamist exposure.

Unexpected changes in breast tissue or other signs of abnormal sexual development in prepubertal children as well as the possibility of unintentional secondary exposure to Evamist should be brought to the attention of a physician. The physician should identify the cause of abnormal sexual development in the child. If unexpected breast development or changes are determined to be the result of unintentional exposure to Evamist, the physician should counsel the woman on the appropriate use and handling of Evamist when around children. Women should cover the Evamist application site with clothing if another person may come into contact with the site. Consideration should be given to discontinuing Evamist if conditions for safe use cannot be met [see Patient Counseling Information (17.2)].

5.5 Gallbladder Disease

A 2- to 4-fold increase in the risk of gallbladder disease requiring surgery in postmenopausal women receiving estrogens has been reported.

5.6 Hypercalcemia

Estrogen administration may lead to severe hypercalcemia in women with breast cancer and bone metastases. If hypercalcemia occurs, use of the drug should be stopped and appropriate measures taken to reduce the serum calcium level.

5.7 Visual Abnormalities

Retinal vascular thrombosis has been reported in women receiving estrogens. Discontinue medication pending examination if there is sudden partial or complete loss of vision, or a sudden onset of proptosis, diplopia, or migraine. If examination reveals papilledema or retinal vascular lesions, estrogens should be permanently discontinued.

5.8 Addition of a Progestin When a Woman Has Not Had a Hysterectomy

Studies of the addition of a progestin for 10 or more days of a cycle of estrogen administration, or daily with estrogen in a continuous regimen, have reported a lowered incidence of endometrial hyperplasia than would be induced by estrogen treatment alone. Endometrial hyperplasia may be a precursor to endometrial cancer.

There are, however, possible risks that may be associated with the use of progestins with estrogens compared to estrogen alone regimens. These include an increased risk of breast cancer.

5.9 Elevated Blood Pressure

In a small number of case reports, substantial increases in blood pressure have been attributed to idiosyncratic reactions to estrogens. In a large, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, a generalized effect of estrogens on blood pressure was not seen.

5.10 Hypertriglyceridemia

In women with preexisting hypertriglyceridemia, estrogen therapy may be associated with elevations of plasma triglycerides leading to pancreatitis. Consider discontinuation of treatment if pancreatitis occurs.

5.11 Hepatic Impairment and/or Past History of Cholestatic Jaundice

Estrogens may be poorly metabolized in women with impaired liver function. For women with a history of cholestatic jaundice associated with past estrogen use or with pregnancy, caution should be exercised, and in the case of recurrence, medication should be discontinued.

5.12 Hypothyroidism

Estrogen administration leads to increased thyroid-binding globulin (TBG) levels. Women with normal thyroid function can compensate for the increased TBG by making more thyroid hormone, thus maintaining free T₄ and T₃ serum concentrations in the normal range. Women dependent on thyroid hormone replacement therapy who are also receiving estrogens may require increased doses of their thyroid hormone replacement therapy. These women should have their thyroid function monitored in order to maintain their free thyroid hormone levels in an acceptable range.

5.13 Fluid Retention

Estrogens may cause some degree of fluid retention. Women who have conditions that might be influenced by this factor, such as a cardiac or renal impairment, warrant careful observation when estrogen-alone is prescribed.

5.14 Hypocalcemia

Estrogen therapy should be used with caution in women with hypoparathyroidism as estrogen-induced hypocalcemia may occur.

5.15 Exacerbation of Endometriosis

A few cases of malignant transformation of residual endometrial implants have been reported in women treated post-hysterectomy with estrogen alone therapy. For women known to have residual endometriosis post-hysterectomy, the addition of progestin should be considered.

Exogenous estrogens may exacerbate symptoms of angioedema in women with hereditary angioedema.

5.17 Exacerbation of Other Conditions

Estrogen therapy may cause an exacerbation of asthma, diabetes mellitus, epilepsy, migraine, porphyria, systemic lupus erythematosus and hepatic hemangiomas and should be used with caution in women with these conditions.

5.18 Alcohol-Based Products are Flammable

Avoid fire, flame or smoking until the spray has dried.

5.19 Application of Sunscreen

When sunscreen is applied approximately one hour after application of Evamist, estradiol absorption was decreased by 11 percent. When sunscreen is applied approximately one hour before the application of Evamist, no significant change in estradiol absorption was observed.

5.20 Laboratory Tests

Serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol levels have not been shown to be useful in the management of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms.

5.21 Drug and Laboratory Test Interactions

Accelerated prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, and platelet aggregation time; increased platelet count; increased factors II, VII antigen, VIII antigen, VIII coagulant activity, IX, X, XII, VII-X complex, II-VII-X complex, and beta- thromboglobulin; decreased levels of antifactor Xa and antithrombin III, decreased antithrombin III activity; increased levels of fibrinogen and fibrinogen activity; increased plasminogen antigen and activity.

Increased TBG levels leading to increased circulating total thyroid hormone levels, as measured by protein-bound iodine (PBI), T₄ levels (by column or by radioimmunoassay) or T₃ levels by radioimmunoassay. T₃ resin uptake is decreased, reflecting the elevated TBG. Free T₄ and free T₃ concentrations are unaltered. Women on thyroid hormone replacement therapy may require higher doses of thyroid hormone.

Other binding proteins may be elevated in serum, for example, corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), leading to increased total circulating corticosteroids and sex steroids, respectively. Free hormone concentrations, such as testosterone and estradiol, may be decreased. Other plasma proteins may be increased (angiotensinogen/rennin substrate, alpha-1-antitrypsin, ceruloplasmin).

Increased plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and HDL₂ cholesterol subfraction concentrations, reduced low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentration, increased triglyceride levels.

Impaired glucose tolerance.

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS

The following serious adverse reactions are discussed elsewhere in the labeling:

• •Cardiovascular Disorders [see Boxed Warning, Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]
• •Malignant Neoplasms [see Boxed Warning, Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )]

6.1 Clinical Trials Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice.

In a 12-week, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of Evamist in 454 women, 80 to 90 percent of women randomized to active drug received at least 70 days of therapy and 75 to 85 percent randomized to placebo received at least 70 days of therapy.

The adverse reactions that occurred in at least 5 percent of women in any treatment group are shown in Table 1.

Application site reactions were reported in 3 out of 226 (1.3%) women treated with Evamist.

6.2 Postmarketing Experience

The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of Evamist. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

Breasts: Breast swelling, breast mass, breast enlargement

Cardiovascular: Heart rate increased

Central nervous system: Dizziness, dysgeusia, paresthesia, lethargy, hypoesthesia

Eyes: Eye irritation, ocular hyperemia

Gastrointestinal: Abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, abdominal distension, dry mouth, decreased appetite

Genitourinary system: Vaginal bleeding

Musculoskeletal: Muscle spasms, arthritis

Psychiatric: Insomnia, mood swings, anxiety, irritability, mood altered, depression

Respiratory tract: Cough, dyspnea, dry throat

Skin: Nipple and areola discoloration, usually on the same side of the body as the inner forearm on which Evamist is applied, rash, pruritus, alopecia, urticaria, dry skin, skin discoloration, chloasma

Miscellaneous: Weight increased, malaise, fatigue, asthenia

7 DRUG INTERACTIONS

No drug interaction studies have been conducted for Evamist.

7.1 Metabolic Interactions

In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that estrogens are metabolized partially by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). Therefore, inducers or inhibitors of CYP3A4 may affect estrogen drug metabolism. Inducers of CYP3A4 such as St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) preparations, phenobarbital, carbamazepine, and rifampin may reduce plasma concentrations of estrogens, possibly resulting in a decrease in therapeutic effects and/or changes in the uterine bleeding profile. Inhibitors of CYP3A4 such as erythromycin, clarithromycin, ketoconazole, itraconazole, ritonavir and grapefruit juice may increase plasma concentrations of estrogens and may result in side effects.

8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

8.1 Pregnancy

Evamist should not be used during pregnancy [see Contraindications (4)]. There appears to be little or no increased risk of birth defects in children born to women who have used estrogens and progestins as an oral contraceptive inadvertently during early pregnancy.

8.3 Nursing Mothers

Evamist should not be used during lactation. Estrogen administration to nursing women has been shown to decrease the quantity and quality of the breast milk. Detectable amounts of estrogens have been identified in the milk of women receiving estrogen-alone therapy. Caution should be exercised when Evamist is administered to a nursing woman.

8.4 Pediatric Use

Evamist is not intended in children. Clinical studies have not been conducted in the pediatric population.

8.5 Geriatric Use

There have not been sufficient numbers of geriatric women involved in studies utilizing Evamist to determine whether those over 65 years of age differ from younger subjects in their response to Evamist.

The Women’s Health Initiative Studies

In the WHI estrogen-alone substudy (daily CE [0.625 mg]-alone versus placebo), there was a higher relative risk of stroke in women greater than 65 years of age [see Clinical Studies (14.2)].

In the WHI estrogen plus progestin substudy (daily CE [0.625 mg] plus MPA [2.5 mg] versus placebo), there was a higher relative risk of nonfatal stroke and invasive breast cancer in women greater than 65 years of age [see Clinical Studies (14.2)].

The Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study

In the WHIMS ancillary studies of postmenopausal women 65 to 79 years of age, there was an increased risk of developing probable dementia in women receiving estrogen-alone or estrogen plus progestin when compared to placebo [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3), and Clinical Studies (14.3)].

Since both ancillary studies were conducted in women 65 to 79 years of age, it is unknown whether these findings apply to younger postmenopausal women⁸ [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3), and Clinical Studies (14.3)].

8.6 Renal Impairment

The effect of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of Evamist has not been studied.

8.7 Hepatic Impairment

The effect of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of Evamist has not been studied.

10 OVERDOSAGE

Overdosage of estrogen may cause nausea and vomiting, breast tenderness, abdominal pain, drowsiness and fatigue, and withdrawal bleeding may occur in women. Treatment of overdose consists of discontinuation of Evamist together with institution of appropriate symptomatic care.

11 DESCRIPTION

Evamist (estradiol transdermal spray) is designed to deliver estradiol to the blood circulation following topical application to the skin of a rapidly drying solution from a metered-dose pump.

Evamist is a homogeneous solution of 1.7% estradiol USP (active ingredient) in alcohol USP and octisalate USP formulated to provide sustained release of the active ingredient into the systemic circulation.

Estradiol USP is a white crystalline powder, chemically described as estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17β-diol. It has an empirical formula of C₁₈H₂₄O₂·1/2 H₂O and molecular weight of 281.4. The structural formula is: