Hydrocodone Bitartrate and Homatropine Methylbromide
Morton Grove Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
HYDROCODONE BITARTRATEand HOMATROPINE METHYLBROMIDE SYRUPCIII
FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION: CONTENTS*
- HYDROCODONE BITARTRATE AND HOMATROPINE METHYLBROMIDE DESCRIPTION
- CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
- HYDROCODONE BITARTRATE AND HOMATROPINE METHYLBROMIDE INDICATIONS AND USAGE
- HYDROCODONE BITARTRATE AND HOMATROPINE METHYLBROMIDE CONTRAINDICATIONS
- WARNINGS
- PRECAUTIONS
- HYDROCODONE BITARTRATE AND HOMATROPINE METHYLBROMIDE ADVERSE REACTIONS
- DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE
- OVERDOSAGE
- HYDROCODONE BITARTRATE AND HOMATROPINE METHYLBROMIDE DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
- HOW SUPPLIED
- PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 473 mL Bottle Label
FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION
Rx only
HYDROCODONE BITARTRATE AND HOMATROPINE METHYLBROMIDE DESCRIPTION
This product contains hydrocodone (dihydrocodeinone) bitartrate, a semisynthetic centrally-acting narcotic antitussive. Homatropine Methylbromide is included in a subtherapeutic amount to discourage deliberate overdosage.
Each 5 mL (teaspoonful) contains:
Hydrocodone Bitartrate, USP . . . . . . . . . 5 mg
Homatropine Methylbromide, USP . . . . 1.5 mg
Alcohol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . less than 0.1%
(contributed by flavorings)
Also contains: Caramel, NF; Cherry Flavor; D&C Red No. 33; Glycerin, USP; Liquid Sugar; Methylparaben, NF; Propylene Glycol, USP; Propylparaben, NF and Sorbitol Solution, USP. Citric Acid, USP or Sodium Citrate, USP may be added for pH adjustment.
The hydrocodone component is 4,5α-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan-6-one tartrate (1:1) hydrate (2:5), a fine white crystal or crystalline powder, which is derived from the opium alkaloid, thebaine, and has the following structural formula:
Homatropine Methylbromide is 8-Azoniabicyclo[3.2.1]octane,3-[(hydroxyphenylacetyl)-oxy]-8,8-dimethyl-, bromide,endo-; a white crystal or fine white crystalline powder, and has the following structural formula:
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
Hydrocodone is a semisynthetic narcotic antitussive and analgesic with multiple actions qualitatively similar to those of codeine. The precise mechanism of action of hydrocodone and other opiates is not known; however, hydrocodone is believed to act directly on the cough center. In excessive doses, hydrocodone, like other opium derivatives, will depress respiration. The effects of hydrocodone in therapeutic doses on the cardiovascular system are insignificant. Hydrocodone can produce miosis, euphoria, physical and physiological dependence.
Following a 10 mg oral dose of hydrocodone administered to five adult male subjects, the mean peak concentration was 23.6 ± 5.2 ng/mL. Maximum serum levels were achieved at 1.3 ± 0.3 hours and the half-life was determined to be 3.8 ± 0.3 hours. Hydrocodone exhibits a complex pattern of metabolism including O-demethylation, N-demethylation and 6-keto reduction to the corresponding 6-α- and 6-β-hydroxymetabolites.
HYDROCODONE BITARTRATE AND HOMATROPINE METHYLBROMIDE INDICATIONS AND USAGE
This product is indicated for the symptomatic relief of cough.
HYDROCODONE BITARTRATE AND HOMATROPINE METHYLBROMIDE CONTRAINDICATIONS
This product should not be administered to patients who are hypersensitive to hydrocodone or homatropine methylbromide.
WARNINGS
May be habit forming. Hydrocodone can produce drug dependence of the morphine type and, therefore, has the potential for being abused. Psychic dependence, physical dependence and tolerance may develop upon repeated administration and it should be prescribed and administered with the same degree of caution appropriate to the use of other narcotic drugs (See DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE ).
Respiratory Depression
This product produces dose-related respiratory depression by directly acting on brain stem respiratory centers. If respiratory depression occurs, it may be antagonized by the use of naloxone hydrochloride and other supportive measures when indicated.
Head Injury and Increased Intracranial Pressure
The respiratory depression properties of narcotics and their capacity to elevate cerebrospinal fluid pressure may be markedly exaggerated in the presence of head injury, other intracranial lesions or a pre-existing increase in intracranial pressure. Furthermore, narcotics produce adverse reactions which may obscure the clinical course of patients with head injuries.
Acute Abdominal Conditions
The administration of this product or other narcotics may obscure the diagnosis or clinical course of patients with acute abdominal conditions.
Pediatric Use
In young children, as well as adults, the respiratory center is sensitive to the depressant action of narcotic cough suppressants in a dose-dependent manner. Benefit to risk ratio should be carefully considered especially in children with respiratory embarrassment (e.g., croup).
PRECAUTIONS
General
Before prescribing medication to suppress or modify cough, it is important to ascertain that the underlying cause of cough is identified, that modification of cough does not increase the risk of clinical or physiological complication, and that appropriate therapy for the primary disease is provided.
Special Risk Patients
This product should be given with caution to certain patients such as the elderly or debilitated, and those with severe impairment of hepatic or renal functions, hypothyroidism, Addison's disease, prostatic hypertrophy or urethral stricture, asthma, and narrow-angle glaucoma.
Information For Patients
Hydrocodone may impair the mental and/or physical abilities required for the performance of potentially hazardous tasks such as driving a car or operating machinery. The patient using this product should be cautioned accordingly.
Drug Interactions
Patients receiving narcotics, antihistamines, antipsychotics, antianxiety agents or other Central Nervous System (CNS) depressants (including alcohol) concomitantly with this product may exhibit an additive CNS depression. When combined therapy is contemplated, the dose of one or both agents should be reduced. The use of MAO inhibitors or tricyclic antidepressants with hydrocodone preparations may increase the effect of either the antidepressant or hydrocodone.
Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
Studies in animals to evaluate the carcinogenic and mutagenic potential and the effect on fertility have not been conducted.
Pregnancy
Teratogenic Effects: Pregnancy Category C
Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted. It is also not known whether it can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. It should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.
Nonteratogenic Effects
Babies born to mothers who have been taking opioids regularly prior to delivery, will be physically dependent. The withdrawal signs include irritability and excessive crying, tremors, hyperactive reflexes, increased respiratory rate, increased stools, sneezing, yawning, vomiting and fever. The intensity of the syndrome does not always correlate with the duration of maternal opioid use or dose.
Labor and Delivery
As with all narcotics, administration of this product to the mother shortly before delivery may result in some degree of respiratory depression in the newborn, especially if higher doses are used.
Nursing Mothers
It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk and because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
Pediatric Use
Safety and effectiveness in children under six years of age have not been established.
HYDROCODONE BITARTRATE AND HOMATROPINE METHYLBROMIDE ADVERSE REACTIONS
CNS
Sedation, drowsiness, mental clouding, lethargy, impairment of mental and physical performance, anxiety, fear, dysphoria, dizziness, psychic dependence, mood changes.
Gastrointestinal System
Nausea and vomiting may occur; they are more frequent in ambulatory than in recumbent patients. Prolonged administration may produce constipation.
Genitourinary System
Ureteral spasm, spasm of vesicle sphincters and urinary retention have been reported with opiates.
Respiratory Depression
This product may produce dose-related respiratory depression by acting directly on brain stem respiratory centers (See OVERDOSAGE ).
Dermatological
Skin rash, pruritus.
DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE
This product is a Schedule III narcotic. Psychic dependence, physical dependence and tolerance may develop upon repeated administration of narcotics; therefore, it should be prescribed and administered with caution. However, psychic dependence is unlikely to develop when used for a short time for the treatment of cough. Physical dependence, the condition in which continued administration of the drug is required to prevent the appearance of a withdrawal syndrome, assumes clinically significant proportions only after several weeks of continued oral narcotic use, although some mild degree of physical dependence may develop after a few days of narcotic therapy.
OVERDOSAGE
Signs and Symptoms
Serious overdosage with hydrocodone is characterized by respiratory depression (a decrease in respiratory rate and/or tidal volume, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, cyanosis), extreme somnolence progressing to stupor or coma, skeletal muscle flaccidity, cold and clammy skin, and sometimes bradycardia and hypotension. In severe overdosage, apnea, circulatory collapse, cardiac arrest and death may occur. The ingestion of very large amounts may, in addition, result in acute homatropine intoxication.
Treatment
Primary attention should be given to the reestablishment of adequate respiratory exchange through provision of a patent airway and the institution of assisted or controlled ventilation. The narcotic antagonist naloxone hydrochloride is a specific antidote for respiratory depression which may result from overdosage or unusual sensitivity to narcotics including hydrocodone. Therefore, an appropriate dose of naloxone hydrochloride should be administered, preferably by the intravenous route, simultaneously with efforts at respiratory resuscitation. For further information, see full prescribing information for naloxone hydrochloride. An antagonist should not be administered in the absence of clinically significant respiratory depression. Oxygen, intravenous fluids, vasopressors and other supportive measures should be employed as indicated. Gastric emptying may be useful in removing unabsorbed drug.
HYDROCODONE BITARTRATE AND HOMATROPINE METHYLBROMIDE DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
Adults and children 12 years of age and over: 5 mL (teaspoonful) of the syrup every four to six hours as needed; do not exceed 6 teaspoonfuls in 24 hours.
Children 6 to 12 years of age: 2.5 mL (½ teaspoonful) of the syrup every four to six hours as needed; do not exceed 3 teaspoonfuls in 24 hours.
HOW SUPPLIED
This product is a red-colored, cherry-flavored syrup in 16 fl oz (473 mL) and gallon (3785 mL) bottles.
RECOMMENDED STORAGE
Store at controlled room temperature, 15 °–30 °C (59 °–86 °F) [see USP].
AVOID FREEZING
Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container as defined in the USP.
Rx Only
Oral prescription where permitted by state law.
Product No.: 8455
Manufactured By:
Morton Grove Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Morton Grove, IL 60053
A50-8455-16
REV. 7-04
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 473 mL Bottle Label
MGP
NDC 60432-455-16
HYDROCODONE
AND HOMATROPINE
SYRUP
(Hydrocodone Bitartrate and
Homatropine Methylbromide Syrup)
CIII
DO NOT USE IF INNER FOIL SEAL PRINTED "SEALED
FOR YOUR PROTECTION" IS BROKEN OR MISSING.
BULK CONTAINER —
NOT FOR HOUSEHOLD USE
Oral prescription where permitted by state law.
Rx Only
NET: 1 Pint (473 mL)
Hydrocodone Bitartrate and Homatropine MethylbromideHydrocodone Bitartrate and Homatropine Methylbromide SYRUP
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