Isoflurane
Piramal Critical Care Inc.
Piramal Critical Care Inc.
ATTANE™Isoflurane, USP Inhalation Anesthetic For Veterinary Use in Horses and Dogs
FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION: CONTENTS*
- BOXED WARNING
- ISOFLURANE DESCRIPTION
- CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
- INDICATIONS & USAGE
- ISOFLURANE CONTRAINDICATIONS
- WARNINGS
- PRECAUTIONS
- ISOFLURANE ADVERSE REACTIONS
- OVERDOSAGE
- DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION
- HOW SUPPLIED
- REFERENCES
- Bottle Label - 100 ml
- Carton 100 ml
- Bottle Label - 250 ml
- Carton - 250 ml
FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION
ISOFLURANE DESCRIPTION
Each mL contains 99.9% isoflurane.
Some physical constants are:
Molecular weight 184.5
Boiling point at 760 mm Hg 48.5°C
Refractive index n20D 1.2990-1.3005
Specific gravity 25° /25° C 1.496
Vapor pressure in mm Hg** 20° C 238
25° C 295
30° C 367
35° C 450
**Equation for vapor pressure calculation:
A = 8.056
log10 P vap = A + B B = -1664.58
T T = oC + 273.16
Partition coefficients at 37°C:
Water/gas 0.61
Blood/gas 1.43
Oil/gas 90.8
Partition coefficients at 25°C - rubber and plastic
Conductive rubber/gas 62.0
Butyl rubber/gas 75.0
Polyvinyl chloride/gas 110.0
Polyethylene/gas ~2.0
Polyurethane/gas ~1.4
Polyolefin/gas ~1.1
Butyl acetate/gas ~2.5
Purity by gas chromatography >99.9%
Lower limit of flammability in oxygen or None
nitrous oxide at 9 joules/sec. and 23° C
Lower limit of flammability in oxygen or Greater than useful
nitrous oxide at 900 joules/sec. and 23° C concentration in anesthesia.
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CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
Isoflurane, USP is an inhalation anesthetic. Induction and recovery from anesthesia with
isoflurane are rapid.2,5 The level of anesthesia may be changed rapidly with isoflurane.
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Muscle relaxation may be adequate for intra-abdominal operations at normal levels of anesthesia. However, if muscle relaxants are used to achieve greater relaxation, it should be noted that; ALL COMMONLY USED MUSCLE RELAXANTS ARE MARKEDLY POTENTIATED WITH ISOFLURANE, THE EFFECT BEING MOST PROFOUND WITH THE NONDEPOLARIZING TYPE. Neostigmine reverses the effect of nondepolarizing muscle relaxants in the presence of isoflurane but does not reverse the direct neuromuscular depression of isoflurane.
INDICATIONS & USAGE
Isoflurane, USP is used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in horses and dogs
ISOFLURANE CONTRAINDICATIONS
WARNINGS
Increasing depth of anesthesia with Isoflurane, USP may increase hypotension and respiratory depression. The electroencephalographic pattern associated with deep anesthesia is characterized by burst suppression, spiking, and isoelectric periods.4
Since levels of anesthesia may be altered easily and rapidly, only vaporizers producing
predictable percentage concentrations of isoflurane should be used. (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).
The action of nondepolarizing relaxants is augmented by isoflurane. Less than the usual
amounts of these drugs should be used. If the usual amounts of non-depolarizing relaxants are given, the time for recovery from myoneural blockade will be longer in the presence of isoflurane than in the presence of other commonly used anesthetics.
Not for use in horses intended for food
PRECAUTIONS
222
Caution
Federal Law restricts this drug to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian.
STORAGE
Pregnancy
ISOFLURANE ADVERSE REACTIONS
OVERDOSAGE
In the event of overdosage, or what may appear to be overdosage, the following action should be taken:
DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION
Caution: Operating rooms should be provided with adequate ventilation to prevent the accumulation of anesthetic vapors.
Premedication:
Inspired Concentration: (R)
Isoflurane contains no stabilizer. Nothing in the drug product alters calibration or operation of these vaporizers.
Induction:
Horses:
Dogs: Inspired concentrations of 2.0% to 2.5% isoflurane alone with oxygen following a
barbiturate anesthetic induction are usually employed to induce surgical anesthesia in the dog.
Maintenance: The concentration of vapor necessary to maintain anesthesia is much less than that required to induce it.
Horses: Surgical levels of anesthesia in the horse may be sustained with a 1.5% to 1.8%
concentration of isoflurane in oxygen.
Dogs: Surgical levels of anesthesia in the dog may be sustained with a 1.5% to 1.8%
concentration of isoflurane in oxygen.
The level of blood pressure during maintenance is an inverse function of isoflurane
concentration in the absence of other complicating problems. Excessive decreases, unless
related to hypovolemia, may be due to depth of anesthesia and in such instances may be
corrected by lightening the level of anesthesia.
Recovery from isoflurane anesthesia is typically uneventful.2
HOW SUPPLIED
Isoflurane, USP is packaged in 100 mL and 250 mL amber-colored bottles.
100 ML - NDC 66794-014-10
250 ML - NDC 66794-014-25
REFERENCES
1. Steffey EP, Howland D Jr, Giri S, Eger El II. Enflurane, Halothane and Isoflurane
Potency in Horses. Am J Vet Res. 1977; 38(7): 1037-1039.
2. Auer JA, Garner HE, Amend JF, Hutcheson DP, Salem CA. Recovery from
Anesthesia in Ponies: A Comparative Study of the Effects of Isoflurane, Enflurane,
Methoxyflurane and Halothane. Equine Vet J. 1978;10(1): 18-23.
3. Steffey EP, Howland D Jr. Comparison of Circulatory and Respiratory Effects of
Isoflurane and Halothane Anesthesia in Horses. Am J Vet Res. 1980; 41(5): 821-825.
4. Auer JA, Amend JF, Garner HE, Hutcheson DP, Salem CA. Electroencephalographic
Responses During Volatile Anesthesia in Domestic Ponies: A Comparative
Study of Isoflurane, Enflurane, Methoxyflurane, and Halothane. Equine Practice.
1979:3: 130-134.
5. Klide AM. Cardiopulmonary Effects of Enflurane and Isoflurane in the Dog. Am J
Vet Res. 1976; 37(2): 127-131.
6. Steffey EP, Howland D. Isoflurane Potency in the Dog and Cat. Am J Vet Res.
1977; 38(11): 1833-1836.
Bottle Label - 100 ml
Carton 100 ml
Bottle Label - 250 ml
Carton - 250 ml
IsofluraneIsoflurane INHALANT
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