RISPERIDONE
HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATIONThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use risperidone safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for risperidone. Risperidone Tablets Initial U.S. Approval : 1993BOXED WARNINGWARNING: INCREASED MORTALITY IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH DEMENTIA-RELATED PSYCHOSIS See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning . Elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs are at an increased risk of death. Risperidone is not approved for use in patients with dementia-related psychosis. (5.1)INDICATIONS AND USAGE Treatment of schizophrenia in adults and adolescents aged 13 to 17 years (1.1) Alone, or in combination with lithium or valproate, for the short-term treatment of acute manic or mixed episodes associated with Bipolar I Disorder in adults, and alone in children and adolescents aged 10 to 17 years (1.2) Treatment of irritability associated with autistic disorder in children and adolescents aged 5 to 16 years (1.3) DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Initial Dose Titration Target Dose Effective Dose Range Schizophrenia-adults (2.1) 2 mg /day 1 to 2 mg daily 4 to 8 mg daily 4 to 16 mg /day Schizophrenia-adolescents (2.1) 0.5 mg/ day 0.5 to 1 mg daily 3 mg/ day 1 to 6 mg/ day Bipolar mania-adults (2.2) 2 to 3 mg/ day 1 mg daily 1 to 6 mg/ day 1 to 6 mg/ day Bipolar mania in children/adolescents (2.2) 0.5 mg/day 0.5 to 1 mg daily 1 to 6 mg/ day 0.5 to 6 mg/ day Irritability associated with autistic disorder (2.3) 0.25 mg/ day (
FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION: CONTENTS*
- 1 RISPERIDONE INDICATIONS AND USAGE
- 2 RISPERIDONE DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
- 3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS
- 4 RISPERIDONE CONTRAINDICATIONS
- 5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
- 5.1 Increased Mortality in Elderly Patients with Dementia-Related Psychosis
- 5.2 Cerebrovascular Adverse Events, Including Stroke, in Elderly Patients with Dementia-Related Psychosis
- 5.3 Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)
- 5.4 Tardive Dyskinesia
- 5.5 Metabolic Changes
- 5.6 Hyperprolactinemia
- 5.7 Orthostatic Hypotension
- 5.8 Leukopenia, Neutropenia, and Agranulocytosis
- 5.9 Potential for Cognitive and Motor Impairment
- 5.10 Seizures
- 5.11 Dysphagia
- 5.12 Priapism
- 5.13 Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)
- 5.14 Body Temperature Regulation
- 5.15 Antiemetic Effect
- 5.16 Suicide
- 5.17 Use in Patients with Concomitant Illness
- 5.18 Monitoring: Laboratory Tests
- 6 RISPERIDONE ADVERSE REACTIONS
- 6.1 Commonly-Observed Adverse Reactions in Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials-Schizophrenia
- 6.2 Commonly-Observed Adverse Reactions in Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials-Bipolar Mania
- 6.3 Commonly-Observed Adverse Reactions in Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials-Autistic Disorder
- 6.4 Other Adverse Reactions Observed During the Premarketing Evaluation of Risperidone
- 6.5 Discontinuations Due to Adverse Reactions
- 6.6 Dose Dependency of Adverse Reactions in Clinical Trials
- 6.7 Changes in ECG
- 6.8 Postmarketing Experience
- 7 DRUG INTERACTIONS
- 7.1 Centrally-Acting Drugs and Alcohol
- 7.2 Drugs with Hypotensive Effects
- 7.3 Levodopa and Dopamine Agonists
- 7.4 Amitriptyline
- 7.5 Cimetidine and Ranitidine
- 7.6 Clozapine
- 7.7 Lithium
- 7.8 Valproate
- 7.9 Digoxin
- 7.10 Drugs That Inhibit CYP 2D6 and Other CYP Isozymes
- 7.11 Carbamazepine and Other Enzyme Inducers
- 7.12 Drugs Metabolized by CYP 2D6
- 8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
- 9 DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE
- 10 OVERDOSAGE
- 11 RISPERIDONE DESCRIPTION
- 12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
- 13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
- 14 CLINICAL STUDIES
- 16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING
- 17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION
FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION
Elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs are at an increased risk of death. Analyses of 17 placebo-controlled trials (modal duration of 10 weeks), largely in patients taking atypical antipsychotic drugs, revealed a risk of death in drug-treated patients of between 1.6 to 1.7 times the risk of death in placebo-treated patients. Over the course of a typical 10-week controlled trial, the rate of death in drug-treated patients was about 4.5%, compared to a rate of about 2.6% in the placebo group. Although the causes of death were varied, most of the deaths appeared to be either cardiovascular (e.g., heart failure, sudden death) or infectious (e.g., pneumonia) in nature. Observational studies suggest that, similar to atypical antipsychotic drugs, treatment with conventional antipsychotic drugs may increase mortality. The extent to which the findings of increased mortality in observational studies may be attributed to the antipsychotic drug as opposed to some characteristic(s) of the patients is not clear. Risperidone is not approved for the treatment of patients with dementia-related psychosis. [See Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
1.1 Schizophrenia
[see Clinical Studies (14.1)].
[see Clinical Studies (14.1)].
1.2 Bipolar Mania
[see Clinical Studies (14.2)].
[see Clinical Studies (14.3)].
1.3 Irritability Associated with Autistic Disorder
[see Clinical Studies (14.4)].
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
2.1 Schizophrenia
[see Clinical Studies (14.1)]
[see Clinical Studies (14.1)]
2.2 Bipolar Mania
[see Clinical Studies (14.2, 14.3)].
2.3 Irritability Associated with Autistic Disorder-Pediatrics (Children and Adolescents)
[see Clinical Studies (14.4)]
2.4 Dosage in Special Populations
[see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)] [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2, 5.7, 5.17)]
2.5 Co-Administration of Risperidone Tablets with Certain Other Medications
[see Drug Interactions (7.11)].[see Drug Interactions (7.10)].
3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS
4 CONTRAINDICATIONS
5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
5.1 Increased Mortality in Elderly Patients with Dementia-Related Psychosis
Elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs are at an increased risk of death. Risperidone is not approved for the treatment of dementia-related psychosis [see Boxed Warning].5.2 Cerebrovascular Adverse Events, Including Stroke, in Elderly Patients with Dementia-Related Psychosis
[See also Boxed Warning and Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]5.3 Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)
5.4 Tardive Dyskinesia
5.5 Metabolic Changes
Hyperglycemia and Diabetes Mellitus
Risperidone | |||
---|---|---|---|
Placebo | 1 to 8 mg/day | >8 to 16 mg/day | |
Mean change from baseline (mg/dL) | |||
n=555 | n=748 | n=164 | |
Serum Glucose | -1.4 | 0.8 | 0.6 |
Proportion of patients with shifts | |||
Serum Glucose | 0.6% | 0.4% | 0% |
(<140 mg/dL to ≥220 mg/dL) | (3/525) | (3/702) | (0/158) |
Risperidone | ||
---|---|---|
Placebo | 0.5 to 6 mg/day | |
Mean change from baseline (mg/dL) | ||
n=76 | n=135 | |
Serum Glucose | -1.3 | 2.6 |
Proportion of patients with shifts | ||
Serum Glucose | 0% | 0.8% |
(<100 mg/dL to ≥126 mg/dL) | (0/64) | (1/120) |
Dyslipidemia
Risperidone | |||
---|---|---|---|
Placebo | 1 to 8 mg/day | >8 to 16 mg/day | |
Mean change from baseline (mg/dL) | |||
Cholesterol | n=559 | n=742 | n=156 |
Change from baseline | 0.6 | 6.9 | 1.8 |
Triglycerides | n=183 | n=307 | n=123 |
Change from baseline | -17.4 | -4.9 | -8.3 |
Proportion of patients With Shifts | |||
Cholesterol | 2.7% | 4.3% | 6.3% |
(<200 mg/dL to ≥240 mg/dL) | (10/368) | (22/516) | (6/96) |
Triglycerides | 1.1% | 2.7% | 2.5% |
(<500 mg/dL to ≥500 mg/dL) | (2/180) | (8/301) | (3/121) |
Risperidone | ||
---|---|---|
Placebo | 0.5 to 6 mg/day | |
Mean change from baseline (mg/dL) | ||
Cholesterol | n=74 | n=133 |
Change from baseline | 0.3 | -0.3 |
LDL | n=22 | n=22 |
Change from baseline | 3.7 | 0.5 |
HDL | n=22 | n=22 |
Change from baseline | 1.6 | -1.9 |
Triglycerides | n=77 | n=138 |
Change from baseline | -9.0 | -2.6 |
Proportion of patients with shifts | ||
Cholesterol | 2.4% | 3.8% |
(<170 mg/dL to ≥200 mg/dL) | (1/42) | (3/80) |
LDL | 0% | 0% |
(<110 mg/dL to ≥130 mg/dL) | (0/16) | (0/16) |
HDL | 0% | 10% |
(≥40 mg/dL to <40 mg/dL) | (0/19) | (2/20) |
Triglycerides | 1.5% | 7.1% |
(<150 mg/dL to ≥200 mg/dL) | (1/65) | (8/113) |
Weight Gain
Risperidone | |||
---|---|---|---|
Placebo (n=597) |
1 to 8 mg/day (n=769) |
>8 to 16 mg/day (n=158) |
|
Weight (kg) | |||
Change from baseline | -0.3 | 0.7 | 2.2 |
Weight Gain | |||
≥7% increase from baseline | 2.9% | 8.7% | 20.9% |
Placebo (n=375) |
Risperidone 0.5 to 6 mg/day (n=448) |
|
---|---|---|
Weight (kg) | ||
Change from baseline | 0.6 | 2.0 |
Weight Gain | ||
≥7% increase from baseline | 6.9% | 32.6% |
5.6 Hyperprolactinemia
2in vitro[see Non-Clinical Toxicology (13.1)].
5.7 Orthostatic Hypotension
Risperidone may induce orthostatic hypotension associated with dizziness, tachycardia, and in some patients, syncope, especially during the initial dose-titration period, probably reflecting its alpha-adrenergic antagonistic properties. Syncope was reported in 0.2% (6/2607) of risperidone- treated patients in Phase 2 and 3 studies in adults with schizophrenia. The risk of orthostatic hypotension and syncope may be minimized by limiting the initial dose to 2 mg total (either once daily or 1 mg twice daily) in normal adults and 0.5 mg twice daily in the elderly and patients with renal or hepatic impairment [see Dosage and Administration (2.1, 2.4)]. Monitoring of orthostatic vital signs should be considered in patients for whom this is of concern. A dose reduction should be considered if hypotension occurs. Risperidone should be used with particular caution in patients with known cardiovascular disease (history of myocardial infarction or ischemia, heart failure, or conduction abnormalities), cerebrovascular disease, and conditions which would predispose patients to hypotension, e.g., dehydration and hypovolemia. Clinically significant hypotension has been observed with concomitant use of risperidone and antihypertensive medication.
5.8 Leukopenia, Neutropenia, and Agranulocytosis
Class Effect:3
5.9 Potential for Cognitive and Motor Impairment
5.10 Seizures
5.11 Dysphagia
[see also Boxed Warning and Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]5.12 Priapism
[see Adverse Reactions (6.8)].5.13 Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)
5.14 Body Temperature Regulation
5.15 Antiemetic Effect
5.16 Suicide
5.17 Use in Patients with Concomitant Illness
2[see Dosage and Administration (2.4)].
5.18 Monitoring: Laboratory Tests
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS
- Increased mortality in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis [see Boxed Warning and Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]
- Cerebrovascular adverse events, including stroke, in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]
- Neuroleptic malignant syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)]
- Tardive dyskinesia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]
- Metabolic changes [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)]
- Hyperprolactinemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)]
- Orthostatic hypotension [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7)]
- Leukopenia, neutropenia, and agranulocytosis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8)]
- Potential for cognitive and motor impairment [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9)]
- Seizures [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10)]
- Dysphagia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.11)]
- Priapism [see Warnings and Precautions (5.12)]
- Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.13)]
- Disruption of body temperature regulation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.14)]
- Antiemetic effect [see Warnings and Precautions (5.15)]
- Suicide [see Warnings and Precautions (5.16)]
- Increased sensitivity in patients with Parkinson's disease or those with dementia with Lewy bodies [see Warnings and Precautions (5.17)]
- Diseases or conditions that could affect metabolism or hemodynamic responses [see Warnings and Precautions (5.17)]
[see Adverse Reactions (6.5)].
6.1 Commonly-Observed Side Effects in Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials-Schizophrenia
Adult Patients with Schizophreni aPercentage of Patients Reporting Event | |||
Risperidone | |||
System/Organ Class Adverse Reaction |
2 to 8 mg per day (N = 366) |
>8 to 16 mg per day (N = 198) |
Placebo (N = 225) |
Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders | |||
Anemia | < 1 | 1 | 0 |
Cardiac Disorders | |||
Tachycardia | 1 | 3 | 0 |
Ear and Labyrinth Disorders | |||
Ear pain | < 1 | 1 | 0 |
Eye Disorders | |||
Vision blurred | 3 | 1 | 1 |
Gastrointestinal Disorders | |||
Nausea | 9 | 4 | 4 |
Constipation | 8 | 9 | 6 |
Dyspepsia | 8 | 6 | 5 |
Vomiting | 7 | 5 | 7 |
Dry mouth | 4 | 0 | 1 |
Abdominal discomfort | 3 | 1 | 1 |
Salivary hypersecretion | 2 | 1 | < 1 |
Diarrhea | 2 | 1 | 1 |
Abdominal pain | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Abdominal pain upper | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Stomach discomfort | 1 | 1 | 1 |
General Disorders | |||
Fatigue | 3 | 1 | 0 |
Chest pain | 2 | 2 | 1 |
Asthenia | 2 | 1 | < 1 |
Immune System Disorders | |||
Hypersensitivity | < 1 | 1 | 0 |
Infections and Infestations | |||
Nasopharyngitis | 3 | 4 | 3 |
Upper respiratory tract infection | 2 | 3 | 1 |
Sinusitis | 1 | 2 | 1 |
Urinary tract infection | 1 | 3 | 0 |
Investigations | |||
Weight increased | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Blood creatine phosphokinase increased | 1 | 2 | < 1 |
Heart rate increased | < 1 | 2 | 0 |
Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders | |||
Decreased appetite | 1 | 0 | < 1 |
Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders | |||
Back pain | 4 | 1 | 1 |
Arthralgia | 2 | 3 | < 1 |
Pain in extremity | 2 | 1 | 1 |
Joint stiffness | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Nervous System Disorders | |||
Parkinsonism* | 14 | 17 | 8 |
Akathisia* | 10 | 10 | 3 |
Dizziness | 7 | 4 | 2 |
Somnolence | 7 | 2 | 1 |
Dystonia* | 3 | 4 | 2 |
Sedation | 3 | 3 | 1 |
Tremor* | 2 | 3 | 1 |
Dizziness postural | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Dyskinesia* | 1 | 2 | 2 |
Syncope | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Psychiatric Disorders | |||
Insomnia | 32 | 25 | 27 |
Anxiety | 16 | 11 | 11 |
Nervousness | 1 | 1 | < 1 |
Renal and Urinary Disorders | |||
Urinary incontinence | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Reproductive System and Breast Disorders | |||
Ejaculation failure | < 1 | 1 | 0 |
Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders | |||
Nasal congestion | 4 | 6 | 2 |
Dyspnea | 1 | 2 | 0 |
Epistaxis | < 1 | 2 | 0 |
Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders | |||
Rash | 1 | 4 | 1 |
Dry skin | 1 | 3 | 0 |
Dandruff | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Seborrheic dermatitis | < 1 | 1 | 0 |
Hyperkeratosis | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Vascular Disorders | |||
Orthostatic hypotension | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Hypotension | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Pediatric Patients with Schizophrenia
Percentage of Patients Reporting Event | |||
System/Organ Class Adverse Reaction |
Risperidone |
Placebo (N = 54) |
|
1 to 3 mg per day (N = 55) |
4 to 6 mg per day (N = 51) |
||
Gastrointestinal Disorders | |||
Salivary hypersecretion | 0 | 10 | 2 |
Nervous System Disorders | |||
Parkinsonism* | 16 | 28 | 11 |
Sedation | 13 | 8 | 2 |
Somnolence | 11 | 4 | 2 |
Tremor | 11 | 10 | 6 |
Akathisia* | 9 | 10 | 4 |
Dizziness | 7 | 14 | 2 |
Dystonia* | 2 | 6 | 0 |
Psychiatric Disorders | |||
Anxiety | 7 | 6 | 0 |
6.2 Commonly-Observed Side Effects in Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials-Bipolar Mania
A dult Patients with Bipolar Mania
Table 6 lists the adverse reactions reported in 1% or more of risperidone-treated adult patients with bipolar mania in four 3-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled monotherapy trials.
Percentage of Patients Reporting Event | ||
System/Organ Class Adverse Reaction |
Risperidone 1 to 6 mg per day (N = 448) |
Placebo (N = 424) |
Cardiac Disorders | ||
Tachycardia | 1 | < 1 |
Eye Disorders | ||
Vision blurred | 2 | 1 |
Gastrointestinal Disorders | ||
Nausea | 5 | 2 |
Diarrhea | 3 | 2 |
Salivary hypersecretion | 3 | 1 |
Dyspepsia | 2 | 2 |
Stomach discomfort | 2 | < 1 |
General Disorders | ||
Fatigue | 2 | 1 |
Asthenia | 1 | 1 |
Pyrexia | 1 | 1 |
Infections and Infestations | ||
Nasopharyngitis | 1 | 1 |
Investigations | ||
Aspartate aminotransferase increased | 1 | < 1 |
Nervous System Disorders | ||
Parkinsonism* | 25 | 9 |
Akathisia* | 9 | 3 |
Tremor* | 6 | 3 |
Dizziness | 6 | 5 |
Sedation | 6 | 2 |
Somnolence | 5 | 2 |
Dystonia* | 5 | 1 |
Lethargy | 2 | 1 |
Dyskinesia* | 1 | < 1 |
Reproductive System and Breast Disorders | ||
Galactorrhea | 1 | 0 |
Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders | ||
Acne | 1 | 0 |
Percentage of Patients Reporting Event | ||
Risperidone + | Placebo + | |
System/Organ Class | Mood Stabilizer | Mood Stabilizer |
Adverse Reaction | (N = 127) | (N = 126) |
Cardiac Disorders | ||
Palpitations | 2 | 0 |
Gastrointestinal Disorders | ||
Dyspepsia | 9 | 8 |
Nausea | 6 | 4 |
Diarrhea | 6 | 4 |
Dry mouth | 4 | 4 |
Vomiting | 4 | 6 |
Constipation | 3 | 3 |
Salivary hypersecretion | 2 | 0 |
General Disorders | ||
Chest pain | 2 | 1 |
Fatigue | 2 | 2 |
Infections and Infestations | ||
Nasopharyngitis | 2 | 3 |
Urinary tract infection | 2 | 1 |
Investigations | ||
Weight increased | 2 | 2 |
Nervous System Disorders | ||
Parkinsonism* | 14 | 4 |
Headache | 14 | 15 |
Akathisia* | 8 | 0 |
Dizziness | 7 | 2 |
Sedation | 6 | 3 |
Tremor | 6 | 2 |
Somnolence | 3 | 1 |
Lethargy | 2 | 1 |
Psychiatric Disorders | ||
Insomnia | 4 | 8 |
Anxiety | 3 | 2 |
Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders | ||
Pharyngolaryngeal pain | 5 | 2 |
Cough | 2 | 0 |
Pediatric Patients with Bipolar Mania
Percentage of Patients Reporting Event | |||
System/Organ Class Adverse Reaction |
Risperidone |
Placebo (N = 58) |
|
0.5 to 2.5 mg per day (N = 50) |
3 to 6 mg per day (N = 61) |
||
Eye Disorders | |||
Vision blurred | 4 | 7 | 0 |
Gastrointestinal Disorders | |||
Abdominal pain upper | 16 | 13 | 5 |
Nausea | 16 | 13 | 7 |
Vomiting | 10 | 10 | 5 |
Diarrhea | 8 | 7 | 2 |
Dyspepsia | 10 | 3 | 2 |
Stomach discomfort | 6 | 0 | 2 |
General Disorders | |||
Fatigue | 18 | 30 | 3 |
Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders | |||
Increased appetite | 4 | 7 | 2 |
Nervous System Disorders | |||
Somnolence | 22 | 30 | 12 |
Sedation | 20 | 23 | 7 |
Dizziness | 16 | 13 | 5 |
Parkinsonism* | 6 | 12 | 3 |
Dystonia* | 6 | 5 | 0 |
Akathisia* | 0 | 8 | 2 |
Psychiatric Disorders | |||
Anxiety | 0 | 8 | 3 |
Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders | |||
Pharyngolaryngeal pain | 10 | 3 | 5 |
Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders | |||
Rash | 0 | 7 | 2 |
6.3 Commonly-Observed Side Effects in Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials-Autistic Disorder
Table 9 lists the adverse reactions reported in 5% or more of risperidone-treated pediatric patients treated for irritability associated with autistic disorder in two 8-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.
Percentage of Patients Reporting Event | ||
System/Organ Class Adverse Reaction |
Risperidone 0.5 to 4.0 mg per day (N = 76) |
Placebo (N = 80) |
Cardiac Disorders | ||
Tachycardia | 5 | 0 |
Gastrointestinal Disorders | ||
Vomiting | 25 | 21 |
Constipation | 21 | 8 |
Dry mouth | 15 | 6 |
Salivary hypersecretion | 9 | 0 |
Nausea | 8 | 6 |
General Disorders | ||
Fatigue | 42 | 13 |
Feeling abnormal | 5 | 0 |
Infections and Infestations | ||
Nasopharyngitis | 21 | 10 |
Rhinitis | 13 | 10 |
Upper respiratory tract infection | 8 | 3 |
Investigations | ||
Weight increased | 5 | 0 |
Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders | ||
Increased appetite | 47 | 19 |
Nervous System Disorders | ||
Somnolence | 49 | 18 |
Sedation | 29 | 3 |
Drooling | 16 | 5 |
Tremor | 12 | 1 |
Parkinsonism* | 11 | 1 |
Dizziness | 9 | 3 |
Dyskinesia | 7 | 3 |
Lethargy | 5 | 3 |
Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders | ||
Cough | 24 | 18 |
Rhinorrhea | 16 | 13 |
Nasal congestion | 13 | 5 |
Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders | ||
Rash | 11 | 8 |
*Parkinsonism includes musculoskeletal stiffness, extrapyramidal disorder, muscle rigidity, cogwheel rigidity, and muscle tightness.
In another study with patients treated for irritability associated with autistic disorder, headache (6%), epistaxis (6%) and pyrexia (6%) were also observed in risperidone-treated pediatric subjects.
6.4 Other Side Effects Observed During the Premarketing Evaluation of Risperidone
The following adverse reactions occurred in < 1% of the adult patients and in < 5% of the pediatric patients treated with risperidone in the above double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial data sets. In addition, the following also includes adverse reactions reported in risperidone-treated patients who participated in other studies, including double-blind, active-controlled and open-label studies in schizophrenia and bipolar mania studies in pediatric patients with psychiatric disorders other than schizophrenia, bipolar mania, or autistic disorder, and studies in elderly patients with dementia.
Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders: granulocytopenia, neutropenia
Cardiac Disorders: sinus bradycardia, sinus tachycardia, atrioventricular block first degree, bundle branch block left, bundle branch block right, atrioventricular block
Ear and Labyrinth Disorders: tinnitus
Endocrine Disorders: hyperprolactinemia
Eye Disorders: ocular hyperemia, eye discharge, conjunctivitis, eye rolling, eyelid edema, eye swelling, eyelid margin crusting, dry eye, lacrimation increased, photophobia, glaucoma, visual acuity reduced
Gastrointestinal Disorders: dysphagia, fecaloma, fecal incontinence, gastritis, lip swelling, cheilitis, aptyalism
General Disorders: edema peripheral, thirst, gait disturbance, influenza-like illness, pitting edema, edema, chills, sluggishness, malaise, chest discomfort, face edema, discomfort, generalized edema, drug withdrawal syndrome, peripheral coldness
Immune System Disorders: drug hypersensitivity
Infections and Infestations: pneumonia, influenza, ear infection, viral infection, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, bronchitis, eye infection, localized infection, cystitis, cellulitis, otitis media, onychomycosis, acarodermatitis, bronchopneumonia, respiratory tract infection, tracheobronchitis, otitis media chronic
Investigations: body temperature increased, blood prolactin increased, alanine aminotransferase increased, electrocardiogram abnormal, eosinophil count increased, white blood cell count decreased, blood glucose increased, hemoglobin decreased, hematocrit decreased, body temperature decreased, blood pressure decreased, transaminases increased
Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders: polydipsia, anorexia
Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders: joint swelling, musculoskeletal chest pain, posture abormal, myalgia, neck pain, muscular weakness, rhabdomyolysis
Nervous System Disorders: balance disorder, disturbance in attention, dysarthria, unresponsive to stimuli, depressed level of consciousness, movement disorder, hypersomnia, transient ischemic attack, coordination abnormal, cerebrovascular accident, speech disorder, loss of consciousness, hypoesthesia, tardive dyskinesia, cerebral ischemia, cerebrovascular disorder, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, diabetic coma, head titubation
Psychiatric Disorders: agitation, blunted affect, confusional state, middle insomnia, sleep disorder, listless, libido decreased, anorgasmia
Renal and Urinary Disorders: enuresis, dysuria, pollakiuria
Reproductive System and Breast Disorders: menstruation irregular, amenorrhea, gynecomastia, vaginal discharge, menstrual disorder, erectile dysfunction, retrograde ejaculation, ejaculation disorder, sexual dysfunction, breast enlargement
Respiratory, Thoracic, and Mediastinal Disorders: wheezing, pneumonia aspiration, sinus congestion, dysphonia, productive cough, pulmonary congestion, respiratory tract congestion, rales, respiratory disorder, hyperventilation, nasal edema
Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders: erythema, skin discoloration, skin lesion, pruritus, skin disorder, rash erythematous, rash papular, rash generalized, rash maculopapular
Vascular Disorders: flushing
6.5 Discontinuations Due to Side Effects
Risperidone | |||
Adverse Reaction |
2 to 8 mg/day (N = 366) |
> 8 to 16 mg/day (N = 198) |
Placebo (N = 225) |
Dizziness | 1.4% | 1% | 0% |
Nausea | 1.4% | 0% | 0% |
Vomiting | 0.8% | 0% | 0% |
Parkinsonism | 0.8% | 0% | 0% |
Somnolence | 0.8% | 0% | 0% |
Dystonia | 0.5% | 0% | 0% |
Agitation | 0.5% | 0% | 0% |
Abdominal pain | 0.5% | 0% | 0% |
Orthostatic hypotension | 0.3% | 0.5% | 0% |
Akathisia | 0.3% | 2% | 0% |
Adverse Reaction |
Risperidone 1 to 6 mg/day (N = 448) |
Placebo (N = 424) |
Parkinsonism | 0.4% | 0% |
Lethargy | 0.2% | 0% |
Dizziness | 0.2% | 0% |
Alanine aminotransferase increased | 0.2% | 0.2% |
Aspartate aminotransferase increased | 0.2% | 0.2% |
6.6 Dose Dependency of Side Effects in Clinical Trials
Extrapyramidal Symptoms
Data from two fixed-dose trials in adults with schizophrenia provided evidence of dose relatedness for extrapyramidal symptoms associated with risperidone treatment.
Two methods were used to measure extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) in an 8-week trial comparing 4 fixed doses of risperidone (2, 6, 10, and 16 mg/day), including (1) a Parkinsonism score (mean change from baseline) from the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale, and (2) incidence of spontaneous complaints of EPS:
Dose Groups | Placebo |
Risperidone 2 mg |
Risperidone 6 mg |
Risperidone 10 mg |
Risperidone 16 mg |
Parkinsonism | 1.2 | 0.9 | 1.8 | 2.4 | 2.6 |
EPS Incidence | 13% | 17% | 21% | 21% | 35% |
Similar methods were used to measure extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) in an 8-week trial comparing 5 fixed doses of risperidone (1, 4, 8, 12, and 16 mg/day):
Dose Groups |
Risperidone 1 mg |
Risperidone 4 mg |
Risperidone 8 mg |
Risperidone 12 mg |
Risperidone 16 mg |
Parkinsonism | 0.6 | 1.7 | 2.4 | 2.9 | 4.1 |
EPS Incidence | 7% | 12% | 17% | 18% | 20% |
Dystonia
Class Effect: Symptoms of dystonia, prolonged abnormal contractions of muscle groups, may occur in susceptible individuals during the first few days of treatment. Dystonic symptoms include: spasm of the neck muscles, sometimes progressing to tightness of the throat, swallowing difficulty, difficulty breathing, and/or protrusion of the tongue. While these symptoms can occur at low doses, they occur more frequently and with greater severity with high potency and at higher doses of first generation antipsychotic drugs. An elevated risk of acute dystonia is observed in males and younger age groups.
Other Adverse Reactions
Adverse event data elicited by a checklist for side effects from a large study comparing 5 fixed doses of risperidone (1, 4, 8, 12, and 16 mg/day) were explored for dose-relatedness of adverse events. A Cochran-Armitage Test for trend in these data revealed a positive trend (p<0.05) for the following adverse reactions: somnolence, vision abnormal, dizziness, palpitations, weight increase, erectile dysfunction, ejaculation disorder, sexual function abnormal, fatigue, and skin discoloration.
6.7 Changes in ECG
6.8 Postmarketing Experience
The following adverse reactions have been identified during postapproval use of risperidone; because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not possible to reliably estimate their frequency: agranulocytosis, alopecia, anaphylactic reaction, angioedema, atrial fibrillation, blood cholesterol increased, blood triglycerides increased, diabetes mellitus, diabetic ketoacidosis in patients with impaired glucose metabolism, drug withdrawal syndrome neonatal, dysgeusia, hypoglycemia, hypothermia, inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, intestinal obstruction, jaundice, mania, pancreatitis, priapism, QT prolongation, sleep apnea syndrome, thrombocytopenia, urinary retention, and water intoxication.
Other adverse events reported since market introduction, which were temporally related to risperidone but not necessarily causally related, include the following: pituitary adenoma, pulmonary embolism, precocious puberty, cardiopulmonary arrest, and sudden death.
7 DRUG INTERACTIONS
7.1 Centrally-Acting Drugs and Alcohol
7.2 Drugs with Hypotensive Effects
7.3 Levodopa and Dopamine Agonists
7.4 Amitriptyline
Amitriptyline did not affect the pharmacokinetics of risperidone or risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone combined.
7.5 Cimetidine and Ranitidine
7.6 Clozapine
Chronic administration of clozapine with risperidone may decrease the clearance of risperidone.
7.7 Lithium
max7.8 Valproate
max7.9 Digoxin
7.10 Drugs That Inhibit CYP 2D6 and Other CYP Isozymes
[see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
In vitro
7.11 Carbamazepine and Other Enzyme Inducers
Carbamazepine co-administration decreased the steady-state plasma concentrations of risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone by about 50%. Plasma concentrations of carbamazepine did not appear to be affected. The dose of risperidone may need to be titrated accordingly for patients receiving carbamazepine, particularly during initiation or discontinuation of carbamazepine therapy. Co-administration of other known enzyme inducers (e.g., phenytoin, rifampin, and phenobarbital) with risperidone may cause similar decreases in the combined plasma concentrations of risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone, which could lead to decreased efficacy of risperidone treatment.
7.12 Drugs Metabolized by CYP 2D6
In vitro studies indicate that risperidone is a relatively weak inhibitor of CYP 2D6. Therefore, risperidone is not expected to substantially inhibit the clearance of drugs that are metabolized by this enzymatic pathway. In drug interaction studies, risperidone did not significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of donepezil and galantamine, which are metabolized by CYP 2D6.
8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
8.1 Pregnancy
Pregnancy Category C.
The teratogenic potential of risperidone was studied in three Segment II studies in Sprague- Dawley and Wistar rats (0.63 to 10 mg/kg or 0.4 to 6 times the maximum recommended human dose [MRHD] on a mg/m2 basis) and in one Segment II study in New Zealand rabbits (0.31 to 5 mg/kg or 0.4 to 6 times the MRHD on a mg/m2 basis). The incidence of malformations was not increased compared to control in offspring of rats or rabbits given 0.4 to 6 times the MRHD on a mg/m2 basis. In three reproductive studies in rats (two Segment III and a multigenerational study), there was an increase in pup deaths during the first 4 days of lactation at doses of 0.16 to 5 mg/kg or 0.1 to 3 times the MRHD on a mg/m2 basis. It is not known whether these deaths were due to a direct effect on the fetuses or pups or to effects on the dams.
There was no no-effect dose for increased rat pup mortality. In one Segment III study, there was an increase in stillborn rat pups at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg or 1.5 times the MRHD on a mg/m2 basis. In a cross-fostering study in Wistar rats, toxic effects on the fetus or pups, as evidenced by a decrease in the number of live pups and an increase in the number of dead pups at birth (Day 0), and a decrease in birth weight in pups of drug-treated dams were observed. In addition, there was an increase in deaths by Day 1 among pups of drug-treated dams, regardless of whether or not the pups were cross-fostered. Risperidone also appeared to impair maternal behavior in that pup body weight gain and survival (from Day 1 to 4 of lactation) were reduced in pups born to control but reared by drug-treated dams. These effects were all noted at the one dose of risperidone tested, i.e., 5 mg/kg or 3 times the MRHD on a mg/m2 basis.
Placental transfer of risperidone occurs in rat pups. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. However, there was one report of a case of agenesis of the corpus callosum in an infant exposed to risperidone in utero. The causal relationship to risperidone therapy is unknown.
Non-Teratogenic Effects
Neonates exposed to antipsychotic drugs (including risperidone) during the third trimester of pregnancy are at risk for extrapyramidal and/or withdrawal symptoms following delivery. There have been reports of agitation, hypertonia, hypotonia, tremor, somnolence, respiratory distress, and feeding disorder in these neonates. These complications have varied in severity; while in some cases symptoms have been self-limited, in other cases neonates have required intensive care unit support and prolonged hospitalization.
Risperidone should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.
8.2 Labor and Delivery
8.3 Nursing Mothers
8.4 Pediatric Use
[see Indications and Usage (1.1), Adverse Reactions (6.1), and Clinical Studies (14.1)][see Indications and Usage (1.2), Adverse Reactions (6.2), and Clinical Studies (14.2)].
[see Indications and Usage (1.3), Adverse Reactions (6.3) and Clinical Studies (14.4)]
[see also Warnings and Precautions (5.4)].
[See also Adverse Reactions (6.1, 6.2, 6.3)] [see Dosage and Administration (2.1, 2.2, 2.3)].
[see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)].
8.5 Geriatric Use
[see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) and Dosage and Administration (2.4, 2.5)].[see Warnings and Precautions (5.7)].[see Dosage and Administration (2.4)].
[See Boxed Warning and Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
9 DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE
9.1 Controlled Substance
9.2 Abuse
9.3 Dependence
10 OVERDOSAGE
10.1 Human Experience
Premarketing experience included eight reports of acute risperidone overdosage with estimated doses ranging from 20 to 300 mg and no fatalities. In general, reported signs and symptoms were those resulting from an exaggeration of the drug's known pharmacological effects, i.e., drowsiness and sedation, tachycardia and hypotension, and extrapyramidal symptoms. One case, involving an estimated overdose of 240 mg, was associated with hyponatremia, hypokalemia, prolonged QT, and widened QRS. Another case, involving an estimated overdose of 36 mg, was associated with a seizure.
Post-marketing experience includes reports of acute risperidone overdosage, with estimated doses of up to 360 mg. In general, the most frequently reported signs and symptoms are those resulting from an exaggeration of the drug's known pharmacological effects, i.e., drowsiness, sedation, tachycardia, hypotension, and extrapyramidal symptoms. Other adverse reactions reported since market introduction related to risperidone overdose include prolonged QT interval and convulsions. Torsade de pointes has been reported in association with combined overdose of risperidone and paroxetine.
10.2 Management of Overdosage
In case of acute overdosage, establish and maintain an airway and ensure adequate oxygenation and ventilation. Gastric lavage (after intubation, if patient is unconscious) and administration of activated charcoal together with a laxative should be considered.
The possibility of obtundation, seizures, or dystonic reaction of the head and neck following overdose may create a risk of aspiration with induced emesis. Cardiovascular monitoring should commence immediately and should include continuous electrocardiographic monitoring to detect possible arrhythmias. If antiarrhythmic therapy is administered, disopyramide, procainamide, and quinidine carry a theoretical hazard of QT-prolonging effects that might be additive to those of risperidone. Similarly, it is reasonable to expect that the alpha-blocking properties of bretylium might be additive to those of risperidone, resulting in problematic hypotension.
There is no specific antidote to risperidone. Therefore, appropriate supportive measures should be instituted. The possibility of multiple drug involvement should be considered. Hypotension and circulatory collapse should be treated with appropriate measures, such as intravenous fluids and/or sympathomimetic agents (epinephrine and dopamine should not be used, since beta stimulation may worsen hypotension in the setting of risperidone-induced alpha blockade). In cases of severe extrapyramidal symptoms, anticholinergic medication should be administered. Close medical supervision and monitoring should continue until the patient recovers.
11 DESCRIPTION
23274212 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
12.1 Mechanism of Action
22221211C1D1A1-512
12.2 Pharmacodynamics
The clinical effect from risperidone results from the combined concentrations of risperidone and its major metabolite, 9-hydroxyrisperidone [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. Antagonism at receptors other than D2 and 5HT2 [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1)] may explain some of the other effects of risperidone.
12.3 Pharmacokinetics
Food Effect
1
[see Drug Interactions (7.12)][see Drug Interactions (7.11)][see Drug Interactions 7.12)].
14
[see Dosage and Administration (2.4) and Warnings and Precautions (5.17)].
1[see Dosage and Administration (2.4) and Warnings and Precautions (5.17)].
[see Dosage and Administration (2.4)].
13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
22
Multiples of Maximum Human Dose in mg/m2 (mg/kg) |
||||
Tumor Type | Species | Sex |
Lowest Effect Level |
Highest No-Effect Level |
Pituitary adenomas | mouse | female | 0.75 (9.4) | 0.2 (2.4) |
Endocrine pancreas adenomas | rat | male | 1.5 (9.4) | 0.4 (2.4) |
Mammary gland adencarcinomas | mouse | female | 0.2 (2.4) | none |
rat | female | 0.4 (2.4) | none | |
rat | male | 6 (37.5) | 1.5 (9.4) | |
Mammary gland neoplasm, Total | rat | male | 1.5 (9.4) | 0.4 (2.4) |
in vitroin vivoDrosophila
22
14 CLINICAL STUDIES
14.1 Schizophrenia
14.2 Bipolar Mania - Monotherapy
Adults
The efficacy of risperidone in the treatment of acute manic or mixed episodes was established in two short-term (3-week) placebo-controlled trials in patients who met the DSM-IV criteria for Bipolar I Disorder with manic or mixed episodes. These trials included patients with or without psychotic features.
The primary rating instrument used for assessing manic symptoms in these trials was the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), an 11-item clinician-rated scale traditionally used to assess the degree of manic symptomatology (irritability, disruptive/aggressive behavior, sleep, elevated mood, speech, increased activity, sexual interest, language/thought disorder, thought content, appearance, and insight) in a range from 0 (no manic features) to 60 (maximum score). The primary outcome in these trials was change from baseline in the YMRS total score. The results of the trials follow:
(1) In one 3-week placebo-controlled trial (n=246), limited to patients with manic episodes, which involved a dose range of risperidone 1 to 6 mg/day, once daily, starting at 3 mg/day (mean modal dose was 4.1 mg/day), risperidone was superior to placebo in the reduction of YMRS total score.
(2) In another 3-week placebo-controlled trial (n=286), which involved a dose range of 1 to 6 mg/day, once daily, starting at 3 mg/day (mean modal dose was 5.6 mg/day), risperidone was superior to placebo in the reduction of YMRS total score.
Pediatrics
The efficacy of risperidone in the treatment of mania in children or adolescents with Bipolar I disorder was demonstrated in a 3-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial including patients ranging in ages from 10 to 17 years who were experiencing a manic or mixed episode of bipolar I disorder. Patients were randomized into one of three treatment groups: risperidone 0.5 to 2.5 mg/day (n = 50, mean modal dose = 1.9 mg), risperidone 3 to 6 mg/day (n = 61, mean modal dose = 4.7 mg), or placebo (n = 58). In all cases, study medication was initiated at 0.5 mg/day and titrated to the target dosage range by Day 7, with further increases in dosage to the maximum tolerated dose within the targeted dose range by Day 10. The primary rating instrument used for assessing efficacy in this study was the mean change from baseline in the total YMRS score.
Results of this study demonstrated efficacy of risperidone in both dose groups compared with placebo, as measured by significant reduction of total YMRS core. The efficacy on the primary parameter in the 3 to 6 mg/day dose group was comparable to the 0.5 to 2.5 mg/day dose group. Doses higher than 2.5 mg/day did not reveal any trend towards greater efficacy.
14.3 Bipolar Mania - Combination Therapy
The efficacy of risperidone with concomitant lithium or valproate in the treatment of acute manic or mixed episodes was established in one controlled trial in adult patients who met the DSM-IV criteria for Bipolar I Disorder. This trial included patients with or without psychotic features and with or without a rapid-cycling course.
(1) In this 3-week placebo-controlled combination trial, 148 in-or outpatients on lithium or valproate therapy with inadequately controlled manic or mixed symptoms were randomized to receive risperidone, placebo, or an active comparator, in combination with their original therapy. Risperidone, in a dose range of 1 to 6 mg/day, once daily, starting at 2 mg/day (mean modal dose of 3.8 mg/day), combined with lithium or valproate (in a therapeutic range of 0.6 mEq/L to 1.4 mEq/L or 50 mcg/mL to 120 mcg/mL, respectively) was superior to lithium or valproate alone in the reduction of YMRS total score.
(2) In a second 3-week placebo-controlled combination trial, 142 in- or outpatients on lithium, valproate, or carbamazepine therapy with inadequately controlled manic or mixed symptoms were randomized to receive risperidone or placebo, in combination with their original therapy. Risperidone, in a dose range of 1 to 6 mg/day, once daily, starting at 2 mg/day (mean modal dose of 3.7 mg/day), combined with lithium, valproate, or carbamazepine (in therapeutic ranges of 0.6 mEq/L to 1.4 mEq/L for lithium, 50 mcg/mL to 125 mcg/mL for valproate, or 4 to 12 mcg/mL for carbamazepine, respectively) was not superior to lithium, valproate, or carbamazepine alone in the reduction of YMRS total score. A possible explanation for the failure of this trial was induction of risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone clearance by carbamazepine, leading to subtherapeutic levels of risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone.
14.4 Irritability Associated with Autistic Disorder
16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING
Storage and Handling
17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION
17.1 Orthostatic Hypotension
Patients should be advised of the risk of orthostatic hypotension, especially during the period of initial dose titration [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7)].
17.2 Interference with Cognitive and Motor Performance
[see Warnings and Precautions (5.9)].
17.3 Pregnancy
Patients should be advised to notify their physician if they become pregnant or intend to become pregnant during therapy [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].
17.4 Nursing
Patients should be advised not to breast-feed an infant if they are taking risperidone [see Use in Specific Populations (8.3)].
17.5 Concomitant Medication
[see Drug Interactions (7)].17.6 Alcohol
Patients should be advised to avoid alcohol while taking risperidone [see Drug Interactions (7.1)].
Manufactured by:
Wockhardt Limited,
Mumbai, India.
Distributed by:
Wockhardt USA LLC.
20 Waterview Blvd.
Parsippany, NJ 07054
USA.
Rev.101011
RISPERIDONERISPERIDONE TABLET, FILM COATED
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RISPERIDONERISPERIDONE TABLET, FILM COATED
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RISPERIDONERISPERIDONE TABLET, FILM COATED
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RISPERIDONERISPERIDONE TABLET, FILM COATED
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RISPERIDONERISPERIDONE TABLET, FILM COATED
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RISPERIDONERISPERIDONE TABLET, FILM COATED
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